Biology

Biochemistry examines the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. Learners will understand the structure and function of biomolecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and how metabolic pathways sustain cellular life.

Bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, and statistics to analyze large biological datasets. Learners will understand how to use computational tools and algorithms to sequence genomes, analyze protein structures, and identify genetic variations.

Biology is the study of living organisms, their structure, function, growth, origin, and evolution. Learners will understand cellular processes, genetics, ecological systems, and the fundamental mechanisms that sustain life across different kingdoms.

This field covers the manipulation of biological systems and organisms to develop products and technologies. Learners will understand genetic engineering techniques, metabolic pathway design, and how to apply synthetic biology principles to medicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation.

Botany is the scientific study of plant life, encompassing structure, growth, reproduction, and evolution. Learners will understand plant physiology, photosynthesis, ecological relationships, and how plants adapt to diverse environments and contribute to global carbon and oxygen cycles.

This discipline focuses on the structural and functional units of life at the cellular and molecular levels. Learners will understand cell signaling, organelle function, macromolecular interactions, and the processes governing cell division, growth, and programmed cell death.

Developmental biology examines how a single fertilized cell becomes a structured organism. You will understand cell fate specification, morphogen gradients, pattern formation, and the regulatory genetics that control embryonic development across model organisms.

Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their physical environments. Learners will understand energy flow through ecosystems, population dynamics, biodiversity patterns, and how human activities impact natural habitats, biogeochemical cycles, and global climate systems.

Evolution is the study of how populations of organisms change over generations through mechanisms like natural selection. Learners will understand the genetic basis of adaptation, speciation, and the shared evolutionary history of all life on Earth.

Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology. Learners will understand recombinant DNA techniques, gene splicing, and how to modify organisms for medical, agricultural, and industrial applications.

Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and variation in living organisms. Learners will understand how genetic information is encoded, replicated, and inherited, as well as how genetic mutations contribute to diseases and evolutionary processes.

Immunology is the study of the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens and foreign substances. Learners will understand how the innate and adaptive immune systems function, how vaccines work, and the mechanisms behind allergies and autoimmune disorders.

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Learners will understand the biology of these microorganisms, their roles in ecosystems, and how they cause, prevent, and treat infectious diseases.

Physiology is the study of how the organs and systems of the human body function. Learners will understand the physical and chemical processes that maintain homeostasis, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and endocrine system operations.

Systems biology models cells and organisms as networks rather than parts lists. You will understand gene regulatory circuits, feedback and robustness, stochastic gene expression, and the quantitative methods used to predict how biological networks behave.

Zoology and animal science focus on the biology, physiology, behavior, and classification of animals. Learners will understand animal anatomy, evolutionary adaptations, ecological roles, and the principles of animal management and conservation.